The Pirates of Czechia: The Curse of Preferential Vote
Keywords:
Czech Republic, Czech Pirate Party, Elections, Preferential VotingAbstract
At the 2017 parliamentary elections in Czechia, the Czech Pirate Party was unprecedentedly successful compared to most Pirate Party in Europe. However, while the Pirate-led alliance PirSTAN won 15.62% of the votes in the 2021 Parliamentary Election, the number of Pirate MPs dropped from 22 to 4. The goal of this paper is therefore to explain this decline. We show that the pirates’ failures were primarily due to the tactical and strategic failures of the pirates, who, although acting as a data-based party, were unable to assess the danger of an electoral alliance with STAN, whose local and regional reputation and tactics targeting preferences have managed to minimize the representation of pirates.
References
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MAŠKARINEC, P. and NOVOTNÝ, L. (2020). Von links nach rechts: Wandel der regionalen Unterstützung für die technokratisch-populistische Bewegung ANO 2011 bei den tschechischen Parlamentswahlen 2013 und 2017. In: Austrian Journal of Political Science. Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15203/ozp.3300.vol49iss4.
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BÍLEK, J., LYSEK, J. and ZBÍRAL, R. (2021). Věrni svému jménu? Jak politické strany mezery působí v legislativním procesu. In: Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review. Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 433–454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2021.010.
BRUNCLÍK, M. (2010). Pirátské strany: nový fenomén v politice. In: Naše společnost. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 21–29.
BRUNNEROVÁ, O. (2019). Not all political entrepreteneurs are created equal: The institutionalisation of entrepreneurial parties in Central Europe. In: Central European Journal of Politics. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 100–124.
BUDGE, I. and KEMAN, H. (1990). Parties and Democracy. Coalition Formation and Government Functioning in Twenty States. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
CARROLL, R. and COX, G. W. (2007). The Logic of Gamson’s Law: Pre-election Coalitions and Portfolio Allocations. In: American Journal of Political Science. Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 300–313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00252.x.
CHARVÁT, J. (2015). Pravice nebo levice? Analýza ideologie pirátských stran. In: Central European Journal of Politics. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 29–39.
COX, G. W. (1997). Making Votes Count. Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139174954.
DAHL, R. A. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press.
DEBUS, M. (2009). Pre-Electoral Commitments and Government Formation. In: Public Choice. Vol. 138, no. 1/2, pp. 45–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/sl 1127-008-9338-2.
DEMKER, M. (2014). Sailing along new cleavages. Understanding the electoral success of the Swedish Pirate Party in the European Parliament Election 2009. In: Government and Opposition. Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 188–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2013.24.
ENGLER, S. (2016). Corruption and Electoral Support for New Political Parties in Central and Eastern Europe. In: West European Politics. Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 278–304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1084127.
FARRELL, D. M. (2001). Electoral Systems. A Comparative Introduction. New York: Palgrave.
GOLDER, S. N. (2006). Pre-Electoral Coalition Formation in Parliamentary Democracies. In: British Journal of Political Science. Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 193–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123406000123.
GSCHWEND, T. and HOOGHE, M. (2008). Should I stay or should I go? An experimental study on voter responses to pre-electoral coalitions. In: European Journal of Political Research. Vol. 47. No. 5, pp. 556–577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2008.00787.x.
HANÁČEK, V. (2022). Volební koalice ve stranickém systému – možnosti typologického určení v České republice po volbách 2021. In: Central European Journal of Politics. Published online. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24132/cejop_2022_3.
HANLEY, S. (2012). Dynamics of new party formation in the Czech Republic 1996–2010: looking for the origins of a ‘political earthquake’. In: East European Politics. Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 119–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2012.669733.
HARĐARSON, Ó. Þ and ÖNNUDÓTTIR, E. H. (2018). Election report: Iceland. In: Scandinavian Political Studies. Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 233–237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12112.
HARTLEB, F. (2013) Anti-elitist cyber parties? In: Journal of Public Affairs. Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 355–369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1480.
HAUGHTON, T. and DEEGAN-KRAUSE, K. (2015). Hurricane Season: Systems of Instability in Central and East European Party Politics. In: East European Politics and Societies. Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 61–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325414566072.
HYNČICA, P. (2019). Krize a kontinuita „starých“ a nástup nových politických stran na Slovensku. In: Central European Journal of Politics. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 55–70.
IBENSKAS, R. (2016). Understanding Pre-electoral Coalitions in Central and Eastern Europe. In: British Journal of Political Science. Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 743–761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000544.
KOSOWSKA-GĄSTOŁ, B. and SOBOLEWSKA-MYŚLIK, K. (2019). New parties in the Polish party system 2011–2018: The Palikot Movement, Kukiz’15 and the Modern Party of Ryszard Petru as genuinely new parties? In: Central European Journal of Politics. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 6–29.
KOUBA, K. and LYSEK, J. (2021). The 2020 Czech regional elections: A story of a winner that lost. In: Regional & Federal Studies. Published online 8 July 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2021.1948839.
KUDRNA, J. (2010). Preferenční hlasování ve volbách do Poslanecké sněmovny ČR. In: AUC IURIDICA. Vol, 56, No. 2, pp. 21–35.
LAVER, M. and SCHOFIELD, N. (1991). Multiparty Government: The Politics of Coalition in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
MAŠKARINEC, P. (2017). The Czech Pirate Party in the 2010 and 2013 Parliamentary Elections and the 2014 European Parliament Elections: Spatial Analysis of Voter Support. In: Slovak Journal of Political Sciences. Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 5–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/sjps-2017-0001.
MAŠKARINEC, P. (2020a). Analýza prostorové podpory a stranického nahrazení na příkladu hnutí Starostové a nezávislí (STAN): Vstup nového subjektu do stranického systému České republiky. In: Politické vedy. Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 8–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24040/politickevedy.2020.23.1.8-31.
MAŠKARINEC, P. (2020b). Crossing the left-right party divide? Understanding the electoral success of the Czech Pirate Party in the 2017 parliamentary elections. In: Politics. Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 510–526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395720920768.
MAŠKARINEC, P. and NOVOTNÝ, L. (2020). Von links nach rechts: Wandel der regionalen Unterstützung für die technokratisch-populistische Bewegung ANO 2011 bei den tschechischen Parlamentswahlen 2013 und 2017. In: Austrian Journal of Political Science. Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15203/ozp.3300.vol49iss4.
MCMANN, K.M. (2018). Measuring subnational democracy: toward improved regime typologies and theories of regime change. In: Democratization. Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 19–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2017.1307822.
MORKES, J. (2008). Analýza preferenčního hlasování ve volbách do PSP ČR. In: Evropská volební studia. Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1–33.
NAXERA, V. (2021). ‘Let us blow them down!’: Corruption as the subject of (non-)populist communication of the Czech Pirate Party. In: Politics. Published online 5 May 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02633957211010984.
NAXERA, V. (2022). Směrem k principům populistické komunikace? Téma korupce ve volebních programech českých politických stran. In: Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review. Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 181–204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2022.015.
NAXERA, V. and STULÍK, O. (2021). ‘I will handle it personally’: The neo-patrimonial rhetoric of the Czech Prime Minister in the times of COVID-19. In: Journal of Contemporary European Studies. Published online 7 April 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.1911789.
OTJES, S. (2020). All on the same boat? Voting for Pirate parties in comparative perspective. In: Politics. Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 38–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395719833274.
PILEČEK, R. (2021). The influence of mayors as candidates in the 2017 parliamentary elections on voter decision-making in Czechia. In: AUC Geographica. Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 234–247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2021.15.
PINK, M. and EIBL, M. (2018). The 2016 Czech regional elections: Without real regional parties or voters’ interest. In: Regional & Federal Studies. Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 353–365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2018.1450746.
PirSTAN (2021). Koaliční smlouva pro volby do Poslanecké sněmévny konané v roce 2021. Available at: https://www.starostove-nezavisli.cz/fmfile/0/files/2020%20hlavn%C3%AD%20STAN/koalicni-smlouva-pirati-a-starostove.pdf [Accessed November 10, 2021].
ŠÁROVEC, D. (2017). Krajské volby 2016 a nové politické strany v České republice. In: Central European Journal of Politics. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 1–25.
ŠÁROVEC, D. (2019). Assured newcomers on a squally sea? The Czech Pirate Party before and after the 2017 elections. In: Acta Fakulty filozofické Západočeské Univerzity v Plzni/West Bohemian Review of Social Sciences & Humanities. Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24132/actaff.2019.11.2.1.
SCHAKEL, A. H. and MASSETTI, E. A. (2018). World of difference: the sources of regional government composition and alternation. In: West European Politics. Vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 703–727. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2017.1400237.
SHIN, E. (2019). A model of pre-electoral coalition formation. In: Games and Economic Behavior. Vol. 118, pp. 463–485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2018.01.001.
SHUGART, M. S. (2005). Comparative Electoral Systems Research: The Maturation of a Field and New Challenges Ahead. In: Gallagher, M. and Mitchell, P. eds. The Politics of Electoral Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 25–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/0199257566.003.0002.
SNYDER, R. (2001). Scaling Down: The Subnational Comparative Method. In: Studies in Comparative International Development. Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 93–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02687586.
STANLEY, B. (2019). Backsliding Away? The Quality of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe. In: Contemporary European Research. Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 343–353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v15i4.1122.
STEM (2021a). Stručná analýza letošního volebního chování. Available at: https://www.stem.cz/strucna-analyza-letosniho-volebniho-chovani/ [Accessed November 10, 2021].
STEM (2021b). Volební preference STEM – konec září 2021. Available at: https://www.stem.cz/volebni-preference-stem-konec-zari-2021/ [Accessed November 10, 2021].
STRØM, K. and BERGMAN, T. eds. (2006). Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
STRØM, K. and MÜLLER, W. C. eds. (2003). Coalition Governments in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
STULÍK, O. and NAXERA, V. (2022). “One flew over the stork’s nest”: Neo-patrimonial populism of Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš. In: Journal of Comparative Politics. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 39–55.
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WILLIAMS, K. (2022). Equality, Proportionality and the Constitutionality of the Czech Electoral System. In: Acta Politologica. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 23–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/1803-8220/1_2022.
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2022-07-01
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Maškarinec, P. and Naxera, V. (2022) “The Pirates of Czechia: The Curse of Preferential Vote”, Slovak Journal of Political Sciences, 22(1), pp. 5–24. Available at: https://sjps.fsvucm.sk/index.php/sjps/article/view/315 (Accessed: 21 December 2024).
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